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- DATE: JAN. 25, 1991 17:42 REPORT:
- TO: SPL
- FOR: BEYER
- CC:
- BUREAU: WASHINGTON
- BY: BRUCE VAN VOORST
- IN:
- SLUG: DECOYS
-
- When it comes to decoys, nothing compares with the
- allied success during WWII when they faked the existence
- of an entire army. General Patton, who was in the
- doghouse at the time, was assigned to this command. It
- was the 1st U.S. Army Group (FUSAG), and was designed to
- persuade the Germans that the U.S. would invade the Pas
- de Calais area. Hitler fell for it, and the ruse tied up
- major units of the Wehrmacht. The invasion, of course,
- was at Normandy.
-
- But that example illustrates the point made by military
- experts, including Jeffrey Richelson, author of
- "America's Secret Eyes in Space." Richelson notes that
- "the Iraqis learned tactical warfare largely from the
- Soviets, and the Soviet Army emphasizes what's called in
- the military 'denial and deception' more than any other
- contemporary army."
-
- It was the Soviets, for instance, who deployed a rubber
- submarine in the mid-70's, which was spotted by an
- American satellite. There was a huge storm. And on the
- next pass the satellite saw the "submarine" folded in
- half. For its part, the U.S. Air Force had a rubber B-52
- in an operation called Crested Dove.
-
- The critical point to keep in mind is that decoys and
- deception can take place on many levels, depending on the
- objective. An inflated rubber tank or aircraft may
- mislead the pilot of an airplane buzzing past at 500 mph.
- But it won't fool satellites which have a resolution
- (capacity to differentiate) of a few inches.
-
- But that's old fashioned optical satellites. Newer
- satellites include infra-red, heat-sensitive film and
- electronic sensors which can tell whether the tank
- silhouette actually has an engine. So, newer decoys
- include heaters, to simulate the infra- red signature of
- a tank engine.
-
- But that's only the beginning. A simple "decoy" as such
- is a truly primitive operation. Rubber blow-up models. On
- the battlefield even pressed board or plywood. Even
- allowing for heaters.
-
- The next step is to provide the sort of communications
- structure to go along with the decoys. A fake radar will
- be made to transmit a simple signal, enough to look real.
- A communications truck (a high priority target) will
- generate a signal of some kind. For a more complex
- deception, a whole military staff may be set up to move
- the decoys around, simulate exercizes, and a
- communications structure of whatever sized military unit
- they are imitating.
-
- Probably the most sophisticated U.S. effort at deception
- in recent memory was the consideration of how to deploy
- the MX missile. One technique was the so-called "shell
- game," which would involve a number of missile silos,
- only one of which contained a missile. The missile would
- then be moved around under cover of darkness or clouds.
- Problem was that a genuine missile in a silo emits
- certain electronic signals, so that had to be a
- consideration in the deception.
-
- (Have telefaxed a few pages from Richelson's book
- describing some Soviet techniques, which the Iraqis may
- be assumed to have picked up.)
-
-